Tekinoroji yeIngiant|indasitiri itsva|Ndira 8.2025
1. Pfupiso yeConductive Slip Rings
1.1 Tsanangudzo
Mhete dzinofambisa magetsi, dzinozivikanwawo semhete dzinounganidza magetsi, nzvimbo dzinotenderedza magetsi, mhete dzinotenderedza magetsi, mhete dzinounganidza magetsi, nezvimwewo, zvinhu zvikuru zvemagetsi zvinoita kuti simba remagetsi nemasaini rifambiswe pakati pezvinhu zviviri zvinotenderera. Munzvimbo dzakawanda, kana michina ichifamba-famba uye ichida kuchengetedza simba nemasaini akagadzikana, mhete dzinofambisa magetsi dzinova chinhu chakakosha. Inoputsa zvipingamupinyi zvekubatanidza waya dzechinyakare mumamiriro ezvinhu anotenderera, zvichibvumira michina kutenderera 360 degrees pasina zvirambidzo, kudzivirira matambudziko akadai sekupwanyika kwewaya uye kutenderedza. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mundege, otomatiki yeindasitiri, michina yekurapa, kugadzira simba remhepo, kutarisa kuchengetedzeka, marobhoti nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeindasitiri, ichipa vimbiso yakasimba kune akasiyana masisitimu akaomarara emagetsi kuti awane kufamba kwakawanda, kwakanyatsojeka, uye kuenderera mberi kwekutenderera. Inogona kunzi "nzvimbo yetsinga" yemidziyo yemazuva ano ine njere yepamusoro.
1.2 Nheyo yekushanda
Musimboti wekushanda kweringi rinofambisa mhepo unobva pahunyanzvi hwekutumira magetsi nerotary connection. Rinonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zviviri: mabhurashi anofambisa mhepo neringi rinotsvedza. Chikamu chinotsvedza chinoiswa paringi rinotenderera uye chinotenderera neshaft, ukuwo bhurashi rinofambisa mhepo rakaiswa muchikamu chisina kutenderera uye riri pedyo neringi rinotsvedza. Kana magetsi kana chiratidzo zvichidikanwa kutumirwa pakati pezvikamu zvinotenderera nezvikamu zvakagadzika, kubatana kwemagetsi kwakasimba kunoumbwa kuburikidza nekubatana kunotsvedza pakati pebhurashi rinofambisa mhepo neringi rinotsvedza kuti pave nerobho remagetsi. Sezvo michina ichitenderera, rin'i rinotsvedza rinoenderera mberi richitenderera, uye nzvimbo yekubatana pakati pebhurashi rinofambisa mhepo neringi rinotsvedza inoramba ichichinja. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwebrashi uye dhizaini yakanaka yekuvaka, zviviri izvi zvinogara zvichibata zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti simba remagetsi, zviratidzo zvekudzora, zviratidzo zvedata, nezvimwewo zvigone kutumirwa nguva dzose uye zvakagadzikana, nokudaro zvichiwana simba remagetsi nekubatana kwemashoko kwemuviri unotenderera panguva yekufamba.
1.3 Kuumbwa kwechivako
Maumbirwo emhete inopinza mhepo inofambisa mhepo inonyanya kusanganisira zvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita semhete dzinopinza mhepo, mabhurashi anofambisa mhepo, stator uye marotor. Mhete dzinopinza mhepo dzinowanzogadzirwa nezvinhu zvine hunhu hwakanaka hwekufambisa mhepo, zvakaita sesimbi dzinokosha dzakadai semhangura, sirivha, negoridhe, izvo zvisingangogone kuvimbisa kusimba kwesimba uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemagetsi, asiwo zvine simba rekupfeka uye kuramba ngura kuti zvikwanise kukweshana kwenguva refu uye nzvimbo dzakaoma dzekushanda. Mabhurashi anopinza mhepo anogadzirwa nesimbi dzinokosha kana graphite nezvimwe zvinhu zvine conductivity yakanaka uye kuzvizora. Ari muchimiro chaicho (senge "II") uye akabatana kaviri ne ring groove ye slip ring. Nerubatsiro rwe elastic pressure yebhurashi, anoisa slip ring zvakasimba kuti awane kutapurirana kwakarurama kwezviratidzo nema currents. Stator chikamu chisina kusimba, chinobatanidza simba rechimiro rakagadzika remidziyo uye chinopa rutsigiro rwakasimba rwe brashi rinofambisa mhepo; rotor chikamu chinotenderera, chakabatana nechimiro chinotenderera chemidziyo uye chinotenderera zvakafanana nacho, chichifambisa slip ring kuti itenderere. Pamusoro pezvo, inosanganisirawo zvinhu zvinobatsira zvakaita sezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa, zvinhu zvinonamira, mabhureki akabatanidzwa, mabheri akanyatsojeka, uye zvivharo zveguruva. Zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa zvinoshandiswa kuparadzanisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinofambisa kupisa kudzivirira mapfupi; zvinhu zvinonamira zvinovimbisa musanganiswa wakasimba pakati pezvikamu; mabhureki akabatanidzwa anotakura zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti chivakwa chacho chakasimba; mabheri akanyatsojeka anoderedza kuramba kutenderera uye kunatsiridza kutenderera kwakarurama uye kutsetseka; zvivharo zveguruva zvinovhara guruva, hunyoro nezvimwe tsvina kuti zvisapinde, uye zvinodzivirira zvikamu zvemukati zvakanyatsojeka. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinopindirana kuti chive nechokwadi chekuti ring inosvetukira inofambisa kupisa inoshanda zvakanaka uye yakavimbika.
2. Mabhenefiti uye hunhu hwemhete dzinofambisa zvinofambisa
2.1 Kuvimbika kwekutumira simba
Kana michina ichitenderera nguva dzose, mhete inopinza magetsi inoratidza kugadzikana kwakanaka kwesimba remagetsi. Kana tichienzanisa nenzira yechinyakare yekubatanidza waya, kana zvikamu zvemidziyo zvichitenderera, waya dzakajairika dziri nyore kubatwa nekupwanyika, izvo zvinokonzeresa kukuvara kwetambo uye kutyoka kwedunhu, zvichikanganisa kufambiswa kwesimba remagetsi uye zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya mashandiro emidziyo. Mhete inopinza magetsi inovaka nzira yakavimbika yemagetsi kuburikidza nekubatana kwakanyatsojeka pakati pebhurashi nemhete inopinza magetsi, izvo zvinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti magetsi anoramba aripo uye akagadzikana zvisinei nekuti michina inotenderera sei. Semuenzaniso, muturbine yemhepo, maburi anotenderera nekukurumidza nemhepo, uye kumhanya kunogona kusvika kutenderera kunopfuura gumi paminiti kana kupfuura. Jenareta inofanira kuramba ichishandura simba remhepo kuita simba remagetsi uye kuriendesa kune grid remagetsi. Mhete inopinza magetsi yakaiswa mukabhini ine simba rakasimba rekutumira simba kuitira kuti panguva yekutenderera kwenguva refu uye isina kukanganiswa kwemablades, simba remagetsi rinotumirwa zvakanaka kubva kumagumo ejenareta rinotenderera kuenda ku stator yakamira uye grid remagetsi rekunze, zvichidzivirira kukanganiswa kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi kunokonzerwa nematambudziko etambo, zvichivandudza zvikuru kuvimbika uye kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba rekugadzira simba remhepo, uye zvichiisa hwaro hwekuwanikwa kwesimba rakachena nguva dzose.
2.2 Dhizaini diki uye kuiswa kuri nyore
Mhete inopinza mhepo ine dhizaini yakanakisa uye diki, uye ine mabhenefiti makuru mukushandiswa kwenzvimbo. Sezvo michina yemazuva ano ichikura ichienda kudiki uye kubatanidzwa, nzvimbo yemukati inowedzera kukosha. Kubatana kwetambo dzakaoma dzechinyakare kunotora nzvimbo yakawanda uye kunogona kukonzera matambudziko ekupindirana kwemitsara. Mhete dzinopinza mhepo dzinobatanidza nzira dzakawanda dzinopinza mhepo muchimiro chakamanikana, zvichideredza kuoma kwetambo dzemukati dzemidziyo. Tora makamera akangwara semuenzaniso. Anofanirwa kutenderera 360 degrees kuti atore mifananidzo uye atumire masaini evhidhiyo, masaini ekudzora uye simba panguva imwe chete. Kana waya dzakajairika dzikashandiswa, mitsetse yacho inotsvedza uye inovharika zviri nyore pamajoini anotenderera. Mhete dzinopinza mhepo dzinopinza mhepo dzakavakirwa mukati, dzinowanzova masendimita mashoma chete mudhayamita, dzinogona kubatanidza kutumira masaini emagetsi akawanda. Kana kamera ichitenderera nenzira inochinjika, mitsetse yacho inogara iripo uye iri nyore kuisa. Inogona kubatanidzwa nyore nyore muimba yekamera yakamanikana, iyo isingangosviki chete zvinodiwa zvekushanda, asiwo inoita kuti mudziyo wese uve nyore pakuonekwa uye saizi. Zviri nyore kuisa uye kuisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutarisa, senge makamera ePTZ ekutarisa kuchengetedza uye makamera epanoramic edzimba dzakangwara. Saizvozvowo, munyaya dzemadrone, kuti zvikwanisike kuita mabasa akadai sekugadzirisa mafungiro ekufamba nendege, kutumira mifananidzo, uye kupa simba rekudzora kubhururuka, ma "compact conductive slip rings" anobvumira madrone kuwana masaini akawanda uye kutumira simba munzvimbo diki, zvichideredza huremu ukuwo zvichiita kuti kubhururuka kushande, uye kuvandudza kutakurwa uye kubatanidzwa kwemidziyo.
2.3 Kuramba kupfeka, kuramba ngura uye kugadzikana pakupisa kwakanyanya
Zvichitarisana nenzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzakaoma dzekushanda, mhete dzinofambisa mhepo dzinoshivirira zvakanyanya zvinhu zvakakosha uye hunyanzvi hwepamusoro. Panyaya yekusarudza zvinhu, mhete dzinopinda mhepo dzinonyanya kugadzirwa nesimbi dzisingaperi uye dzisingaparare, dzakadai segoridhe, sirivha, platinum alloys kana mhangura dzakagadziriswa zvakanyanya. Mabhurashi acho akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakagadzirwa negrafiti kana mabhurashi esimbi anokosha ane mafuta anozvizora zvakanaka kuderedza friction coefficient uye kuderedza friction. Padanho rekugadzira, machine chaiyo inoshandiswa kuona kuti mabhurashi nemhete dzinopinda mhepo dzinoenderana zvakanaka uye dzinobata zvakaenzana, uye pamusoro pacho panobatwa nejira rakakosha kana kuti plating kuti pave nekudzivirira. Tichitora indasitiri yemagetsi emhepo semuenzaniso, maturbine emhepo ari kunze kwenyika anogara munzvimbo ine hunyoro hwakawanda, ine munyu wakawanda kwenguva yakareba. Huwandu hwakawanda hwemunyu nehunyoro mumhepo hunoparadza zvakanyanya. Panguva imwe chete, tembiricha iri mu fan hub ne cabin inochinja-chinja zvakanyanya nekushanda, uye zvikamu zvinotenderera zvinogara zvichipesana. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kudaro ekushanda, mhete inopinza mhepo inogona kudzivirira ngura uye kuchengetedza mashandiro emagetsi akagadzikana nezvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro uye tekinoroji yekudzivirira, ichivimbisa simba rakasimba uye rakavimbika uye kutumira masaini kwefeni mukati memakore ayo ekushanda, ichideredza zvakanyanya nguva yekugadzirisa uye ichideredza mari yekushandisa. Mumwe muenzaniso ndewemidziyo yekunze yechoto chekunyungudutsa muindasitiri yesimbi, iyo yakazara nekupisa kwakanyanya, guruva, uye magasi ane acid nealkali akasimba. Kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye kuramba ngura kwemhete inopinza mhepo zvinoita kuti ikwanise kushanda zvakadzikama mukugoverwa kwezvinhu zvinotenderera, kuyerwa kwekupisa, uye zvishandiso zvekudzora zvechoto chinopisa zvakanyanya, ichivimbisa maitiro ekugadzira akatsetseka uye anoenderera mberi, kuvandudza kugara kwenguva refu kwemidziyo, uye kuderedza nguva yekushanda inokonzerwa nezvinhu zvezvakatipoteredza, ichipa rutsigiro rwakasimba rwekushanda kwakanaka uye kwakasimba kwekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri.
3. Kuongorora munda wekushandisa
3.1 Kuzviitira otomatiki kwemaindasitiri
3.1.1 Marobhoti nemaoko erobhoti
Mukushanda kwezvishandiso zvemaindasitiri, kushandiswa kwakapararira kwemarobhoti nemaoko erobhoti kwave chinhu chikuru chinosimudzira kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira uye kugadzirisa maitiro ekugadzira, uye mhete dzinofambisa dzinofambisa dzinoita basa guru mazviri. Majoini emarobhoti nemaoko erobhoti ndiwo mafundo makuru ekuita kuti kufamba kuchinjike. Majoini aya anofanirwa kutenderera nekukotama nguva dzose kuti apedzise mabasa akaomarara uye akasiyana-siyana, akadai sekubata, kubata, uye kuunganidza. Mhete dzinofambisa dzinofambisa dzinoiswa pamajoini uye dzinogona kutumira zviratidzo zvesimba nekudzora kumota, masensa uye zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudzora ukuwo majoini achitenderera nguva dzose. Tichitora indasitiri yekugadzira mota semuenzaniso, mumutsara wekugadzira welding yemuviri wemotokari, ruoko rwerobhoti runofanira kusundira nekukurumidzira uye kubatanidza zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana mufuremu yemuviri. Kutenderera kwakanyanya kwemajoini ayo kunoda simba risingapindiki uye kutumira chiratidzo. Mhete inofambisa inofambisa inoita kuti ruoko rwerobhoti rushande zvakanaka pasi pematanho akaomarara ekuita, ichivimbisa kugadzikana uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemaitiro ewelding, ichivandudza zvakanyanya mwero we automation uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira mota. Saizvozvowo, muindasitiri yezvekufambisa zvinhu nekuchengetedza zvinhu, marobhoti anoshandiswa pakurongedza zvinhu nekuisa ma pallet anoshandisa ma conductive slip rings kuti akwanise kufamba zvakanaka, kuona nekubata zvinhu nemazvo, kugadzirisa mhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu uye marongero ekuchengetera zvinhu, kukurumidzisa kuchinjana kwezvinhu, uye kuderedza mari yevashandi.
3.1.2 Midziyo yekugadzira
Pamitsetse yekugadzira maindasitiri, michina yakawanda ine zvikamu zvinotenderera, uye mhete dzinofambisa mhepo dzinopa rutsigiro rwakakosha rwekuchengetedza kushanda kunoramba kuripo kwemutsetse wekugadzira. Semichina yakajairika yekugadzirisa, tafura inotenderera inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumitsara yekugadzira yakadai sekurongedza chikafu nekugadzirwa kwemagetsi. Inofanira kutenderera nguva dzose kuti iwane kugadziriswa kwakawanda, kuyedzwa kana kurongedza zvigadzirwa. Mhete inofambisa mhepo inotenderera inoita kuti simba rirambe richiwanikwa panguva yekutenderera kwetafura inotenderera, uye inotumira chiratidzo chekudzora kumagadzirirwo, masensa ekuona nezvimwe zvikamu zviri patafura kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderera mberi uye kururama kwemaitiro ekugadzira. Semuenzaniso, pamutsetse wekurongedza chikafu, tafura inotenderera inosundira chigadzirwa kuti chipedze kuzadza, kuvhara, kunyora mazita uye mamwe maitiro akatevedzana. Kushanda kwakasimba kwemhete inofambisa mhepo kunodzivisa nguva yekushanda inokonzerwa nekumonera kwemutsara kana kukanganiswa kwechiratidzo, uye kunovandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwepakeji uye mwero wekukodzera kwechigadzirwa. Zvikamu zvinotenderera zvakaita semaroller nemasprockets muconveyor zvakare ndiwo mamiriro ekushandiswa kwemhete inofambisa mhepo. Inovimbisa kuti simba rekufambisa mota rinogara rakagadzikana, kuitira kuti zvinhu zviri mumutsara wekugadzira zvigone kufambiswa zvakanaka, inoshanda pamwe chete nemidziyo iri kumusoro nepasi kuti ishande, inovandudza mafambiro ekugadzira, inopa vimbiso yakasimba yekugadzira maindasitiri makuru, uye ndeimwe yezvinhu zvakakosha pakugadzira kwemazuva ano kuti pave nekugadzirwa kwakanaka uye kwakasimba.
3.2 Simba neMagetsi
3.2.1 Maturbine emhepo
Mubasa rekugadzira simba remhepo, ma conductive slip rings ndiwo musimboti mukuru wekuona kuti ma wind turbines anoshanda zvakanaka uye kuti magetsi anogadzira zvakanaka. Ma wind turbines anowanzo umbwa nema wind rotors, nacelles, towers nezvimwe zvikamu. Wind rotor inobata simba remhepo uye inotyaira jenareta iri mu nacelle kuti itenderere uye igadzire magetsi. Pakati pawo, pane kufamba kwe wind turbine hub ne nacelle, uye conductive slip ring yakaiswa pano kuti iite basa rekutumira simba nemasignal ekudzora. Kune rumwe rutivi, alternating current inogadzirwa nejenareta inotumirwa kune converter iri mu nacelle kuburikidza ne slip ring, inoshandurwa kuita simba rinosangana nezvinodiwa zve grid connection uye yozoendeswa ku power grid; kune rumwe rutivi, zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvemirairo zve control system, zvakaita se blade pitch adjustment, nacelle yaw control nezvimwe zviratidzo, zvinotumirwa nemazvo ku actuator iri mu hub kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti wind turbine inogadzirisa mashandiro ayo munguva chaiyo zvichienderana nekuchinja kwekumhanya kwemhepo uye gwara remhepo. Zvichienderana nedata reindasitiri, kumhanya kwebanga re turbine yemhepo ine megawatt-class kunogona kusvika 10-20 rpm. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro ekutenderera nekukurumidza, rin'i inopinza mhepo, ine kuvimbika kwayo kwakanaka, inoita kuti maawa ekushandisa emagetsi emhepo awedzere kushanda pagore, uye inoderedza kurasikirwa kwemagetsi kunokonzerwa nekukundikana kwekutumira magetsi, izvo zvakakosha zvikuru mukusimudzira kubatana kukuru kwemagetsi akachena negrid uye kubatsira kushandurwa kwechimiro chesimba.
3.2.2 Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ekupisa uye emvura
Mumamiriro ekugadzira magetsi ekupisa uye emvura, ma conductive slip rings anoitawo basa guru. Jenareta hombe ye turbine ye thermal power station inogadzira magetsi nekutenderedza rotor yayo nekumhanya kukuru. Ring ye conductive slip inoshandiswa kubatanidza mota rotor winding ne external static circuit kuti iwane input yakagadzikana ye excitation current, kugadzira rotating magnetic field, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti jenareta inogadzira magetsi zvakajairika. Panguva imwe chete, mu control system ye assistant equipment dzakadai se coal feeders, blowers, induced draft fans nedzimwe rotating machinery, conductive slip ring inotumira ma control signals, inogadzirisa nemazvo ma parameter ekushanda kwemidziyo, inoita kuti mafuta ashande zvakanaka, ventilation uye heat dissipation ishande zvakanaka, uye inochengetedza output inoshanda ye generator set. Panyaya yekugadzira hydropower, turbine runner inotenderera nekumhanya kukuru pasi pekuyerera kwemvura, ichityaira jenareta kuti igadzire magetsi. Conductive slip ring inoiswa pa main shaft yejenareta kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti ma control signals akadai se power output uye speed regulation uye excitation inotumirwa. Mhando dzakasiyana dzezviteshi zvemagetsi zvinoshandisa mvura, dzakadai sezviteshi zvemagetsi zvemazuva ano uye zviteshi zvemagetsi zvinopombwa, zvine ma "conductive slip rings" akasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nekumhanya kweturbine nemamiriro ekushanda, zvichizadzisa zvinodiwa zvekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura akasiyana-siyana kubva pa "low head" ne "large flow" kusvika pa "high head" ne "small flow", zvichiita kuti magetsi agare zvakanaka uye zvichisimudzira budiriro yezvemagariro evanhu nehupfumi.
3.3 Kuchengetedzwa kwakangwara uye kutarisa
3.3.1 Makamera akangwara
Mubasa rekuchengetedza kwakangwara, makamera akangwara anopa rutsigiro rwakakosha rwekutarisa kwese uye pasina angle yakafa, uye ma conductive slip rings anoabatsira kupwanya miganhu yemagetsi ekutenderera uye kutumira data. Makamera akangwara anowanzo fanira kutenderera 360 degrees kuti awedzere nzvimbo yekutarisa uye kutora mifananidzo kumativi ese. Izvi zvinoda kuti panguva yekutenderera kuenderera mberi, simba rinogona kugadzikana kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kamera inoshanda zvakanaka, uye masaini evhidhiyo ane tsananguro yepamusoro uye mirairo yekudzora inogona kutumirwa munguva chaiyo. Ma conductive slip rings akabatanidzwa pamitsetse yekamera/kutenderera kuti awane kutumirwa kwesimba, masaini evhidhiyo, uye masaini ekudzora, zvichibvumira kamera kutendeukira kunzvimbo yakananga uye kuvandudza huwandu hwekutarisa uye kururama. Muhurongwa hwekutarisa traffic yemaguta, kamera yebhora yakangwara iri pamharadzano inoshandisa conductive slip rings kuti itenderedze nekukurumidza kuti itore kufamba kwetraffic uye kutyorwa kwemitemo, ichipa mifananidzo chaiyo yekudzora traffic uye kubata tsaona; Munzvimbo dzekutarisa kuchengetedzeka mumapaki nemunharaunda, kamera inofamba-famba munzvimbo dzakapoteredza kumativi ese, inoona mamiriro asina kujairika nenguva uye inodzokera kunzvimbo yekutarisa, inowedzera kugona kwekunyevera kuchengetedzeka, uye inochengetedza kuchengetedzeka nerunyararo rweveruzhinji zvinobudirira.
3.3.2 Sisitimu Yekutarisa Radar
Sisitimu yekutarisa radar ine mabasa akakosha muminda yekudzivirira kwemauto, kufanotaura mamiriro ekunze, ndege, nezvimwewo. Ringi inofambisa mhepo inoita kuti antenna yeradar irambe ichitenderera zvakanaka uye zvakanaka kuti ionekwe nemazvo. Mumunda wekuongorora kwemauto, ma radar ekudzivirira mhepo ari pasi, ma radar engarava, nezvimwewo zvinoda kuramba zvichitenderera antenna kuti zvitsvage uye zvitevedzere zvinangwa zvemudenga. Ringi inofambisa mhepo inoita kuti radar iwane simba rayo kune chinotumira, chinogamuchira uye zvimwe zvikamu zvepakati panguva yekuskena kutenderera. Panguva imwe chete, chiratidzo che echo chinoonekwa uye chiratidzo chemamiriro emidziyo zvinotumirwa nemazvo kunzvimbo yekugadzirisa zviratidzo, zvichipa hungwaru hwenguva chaiyo yekuraira kwehondo uye zvichibatsira kudzivirira kuchengetedzeka kwenzvimbo yemuchadenga. Panyaya yekufanotaura mamiriro ekunze, radar inotumira mafungu emagetsi kumhepo kuburikidza nekutenderera kweantenna, inogamuchira manzwi anoonekwa kubva kuzvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze zvakaita semvura inonaya nemakristaro echando, uye inoongorora mamiriro ekunze. Ringi inofambisa mhepo inoita kuti radar system irambe ichishanda, inotumira data rakaunganidzwa panguva chaiyo, uye inobatsira dhipatimendi rezvemamiriro ekunze kufanotaura nemazvo shanduko dzemamiriro ekunze dzakadai semvura nedutu, ichipa hwaro hwakakosha hwekudzivirira nekuderedza njodzi, uye inoperekedza kugadzirwa kwevanhu nehupenyu munzvimbo dzakasiyana.
3.4 Midziyo yekurapa
3.4.1 Midziyo yemifananidzo yekurapa
Munyaya yekuongorora chirwere, michina yekurapa inobatsira zvikuru vanachiremba kuti vanzwisise mamiriro emukati memuviri wemunhu uye vaongorore zvirwere nemazvo. Miringi yekufambisa inopa vimbiso huru yekushanda zvakanaka kwemidziyo iyi. Tichitora michina yeCT (computed tomography) neMRI (magnetic resonance imaging) semuenzaniso, mune zvikamu zvinotenderera mukati. Furemu yekuskena yemidziyo yeCT inofanira kutenderera nekukurumidza kuti ifambise chubhu yeX-ray kuti itenderere kumurwere kuti iunganidze data remifananidzo pamakona akasiyana; magineti, ma gradient coils nezvimwe zvikamu zvemidziyo yeMRI zvinotendererawo panguva yekutora mifananidzo kuti zvigadzire shanduko chaiyo yegradient yesimba remagineti. Miringi yekufambisa inoiswa pamajoini anotenderera kuti itumire magetsi zvakanaka kuti ifambise zvikamu zvinotenderera kuti zvishande. Panguva imwe chete, data remifananidzo rakaunganidzwa rinotumirwa kucomputer processing system munguva chaiyo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mifananidzo yakajeka uye yakarurama, zvichipa vanachiremba hwaro hwekuongorora hwakavimbika. Zvichienderana nemhinduro kubva pakushandiswa kwemidziyo yemuchipatara, ma "conductor slip rings" emhando yepamusoro anoderedza zvinobudirira zvinhu zvakagadzirwa, kukanganiswa kwezviratidzo nezvimwe zvinetso pakushanda kwemidziyo yekufungidzira, kunatsiridza kunyatsoongorora, kunoita basa rakakosha pakuongororwa kwechirwere pakutanga, kuongororwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu nezvimwe zvinobatanidzwa, uye kuchengetedza hutano hwevarwere.
3.4.2 Marobhoti Ekuvhiya
Semuchina wemazuva ano unomiririra kuvhiyiwa kushoma kunopinda mumuviri, marobhoti ekuvhiya ari kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma nzira yekuvhiya yechinyakare. Mhete dzinofambisa marobhoti dzinopa rutsigiro rwakakosha pakuvhiya kwakarurama uye kwakachengeteka. Maoko erobhoti emarobhoti ekuvhiya anotevedzera mafambiro emaoko achiremba uye anoita maoparesheni akapfava munzvimbo yakamanikana yekuvhiya, senge suturing, kucheka, uye kupatsanurwa kwenyama. Maoko aya erobhoti anofanira kutenderera nenzira inochinjika nemazinga akasiyana-siyana erusununguko. Mhete dzinofambisa marobhoti dzinoiswa pamajoini kuti dzive nechokwadi chekuti magetsi anoramba achiwanikwa, zvichibvumira mota kutyaira maoko erobhoti kuti afambe nemazvo, uku ichitumira masaini emhinduro dzesensor, zvichibvumira vanachiremba kuona ruzivo rwesimba remhinduro yenzvimbo yekuvhiya munguva chaiyo, uye kuita kushandira pamwe kwevanhu nemuchina. Kuvhiya. Mukuvhiya kwetsinga, marobhoti ekuvhiya anoshandisa mashandiro akagadzikana emarobhoti anofambisa marobhoti kuti asvike nemazvo marobhoti madiki muuropi uye kuderedza njodzi yekukuvadzwa kwekuvhiya; mumunda wekuvhiya kwemapfupa, maoko erobhoti anobatsira mukuisa maprostheses nekugadzirisa nzvimbo dzakatyoka, kuvandudza kururama nekugadzikana kwekuvhiya, uye kukurudzira kuvhiyiwa kushoma kunopinda mumuviri kuti kukure nenzira chaiyo uye nehungwaru, zvichiunzira varwere ruzivo rwekurapwa kwekuvhiya rusina kukuvara zvakanyanya uye kupora nekukurumidza.
IV. Mamiriro eMusika uye Maitiro
4.1 Kukura Kwemusika Nekukura
Mumakore achangopfuura, musika wepasi rose we "conductive slip ring" waratidza kukura kwakasimba. Sekureva kwedata kubva kumasangano ekutsvagisa misika ane mvumo, saizi yemusika wepasi rose we "conductive slip ring" ichasvika RMB inosvika mabhiriyoni 6.35 muna 2023, uye zvinotarisirwa kuti panosvika 2028, saizi yemusika wepasi rose ichakwira kusvika mabhiriyoni 8 eRMB paavhareji yekukura kwecompound pagore inosvika 4.0%. Panyaya yekugoverwa kwenzvimbo, dunhu reAsia-Pacific ndiro rine mugove mukuru wemusika wepasi rose, richisvika 48.4% muna 2023. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekukura kwakasimba kweChina, Japan, South Korea nedzimwe nyika muminda yekugadzira, indasitiri yeruzivo rwemagetsi, simba idzva, nezvimwewo, uye kudiwa kwe "conductive slip rings" kuri kuramba kwakasimba. Pakati pavo, China, senzvimbo huru yekugadzira pasi rose, yakaisa simba rakasimba mumusika we "conductive slip ring" nekukura nekukurumidza kwemaindasitiri akadai se "industrial automation", "intelligent security", uye michina mitsva yesimba. Muna 2023, chiyero chemusika weChina unofambisa ma "conductive slip ring" chichawedzera ne5.6% gore negore, uye zvinotarisirwa kuti ucharamba uchikura zvakanyanya mune ramangwana. Europe neNorth America misika yakakoshawo. Nekuvamba kwavo kwakadzika kwemaindasitiri, kudiwa kukuru mumunda wezvemuchadenga, uye kusimudzira indasitiri yemotokari nguva dzose, vane mugove mukuru wemusika weinenge 25% ne20% zvichiteerana, uye saizi yemusika yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, izvo zvakafanana nekukura kwemusika wepasi rose. Nekufambira mberi kuri kuitwa mukuvaka zvivakwa uye kuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri muhupfumi huri kusimukira, hwakadai seIndia neBrazil, musika unofambisa ma "conductive slip ring" munzvimbo idzi ucharatidzawo mukana mukuru wekukura mune ramangwana, uye unotarisirwa kuva nzvimbo itsva yekukura kwemusika.
4.2 Mamiriro emakwikwi
Parizvino, musika wepasi rose we "conductive slip ring" une makwikwi makuru uye kune vakawanda vanotora chikamu. Makambani makuru ane mugove mukuru wemusika nekuunganidza kwavo kwakadzama kwehunyanzvi, kugona kwavo kutsvaga zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro uye kugadzira uye nzira dzakawanda dzemusika. Makambani makuru epasi rose akadai saParker wekuUnited States, MOOG wekuUnited States, COBHAM wekuFrance, naMORGAN wekuGermany, vachivimba nekushanda kwavo kwenguva refu muminda yepamusoro senge ndege, mauto nekudzivirira nyika, vane matekinoroji makuru, vane mashandiro akanaka ezvigadzirwa, uye vane simba guru remhando. Vari pachinzvimbo chepamusoro mumusika we "conductive slip ring" yepamusoro. Zvigadzirwa zvavo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo mikuru senge masatelaiti, zvombo, uye ndege dzemhando yepamusoro, uye vanosangana nezvinodiwa zvakanyanya muindasitiri mumamiriro ezvinhu ane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvekunyatsojeka, kuvimbika, uye kuramba nharaunda dzakanyanya. Mukuenzanisa, makambani emuno akadai seMofulon Technology, Kaizhong Precision, Quansheng Electromechanical, uye Jiachi Electronics akakura nekukurumidza mumakore achangopfuura. Nekuwedzera nguva dzose mari yekudyara muR&D, vakawana budiriro yetekinoroji mune mamwe mativi, uye mabhenefiti avo ekushandisa mutengo zvakanaka ave akakurumbira. Zvishoma nezvishoma vakatora chikamu chemusika wemisika yepasi nepakati, uye zvishoma nezvishoma vakapinda mumusika wepamusoro-soro. Semuenzaniso, mumisika yakakamurwa semarobhoti anotsvedza majoini mumunda we automation yeindasitiri uye ma high-definition video signal slip rings mumunda wekuchengetedza, makambani emuno akawana kufarirwa nevatengi vazhinji vemuno nemasevhisi avo emuno uye kugona kukurumidza kupindura kudiwa kwemusika. Zvisinei, zvakazara, ma high-end conductive slip rings enyika yangu achiri kuvimba zvakanyanya nekutenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika, kunyanya muzvigadzirwa zvepamusoro zvine magadzirirwo akakwirira, kumhanya kwakanyanya, uye mamiriro ekushanda akanyanya. Zvipingamupinyi zvehunyanzvi zvema hofori epasi rose zvakakwirira, uye makambani emuno achiri kuda kuramba achikwanisa kukwikwidzana kuitira kuti awedzere kukwikwidzana kwavo mumusika wepasi rose.
4.3 Mafambiro ekuvandudza tekinoroji
Tichitarisa ramangwana, kumhanya kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira ma conductive slip rings kuri kuwedzera, zvichiratidza mafambiro ekukura akasiyana-siyana. Kune rumwe rutivi, tekinoroji ye fiber optic slip ring yabuda. Nekufarirwa kukuru kwe tekinoroji yekutaurirana kwe optical mumunda wekutumira data, huwandu hwezviitiko zvekutumira masaini zvinoda bandwidth yakakwira uye kurasikirwa kwakaderera kuri kuwedzera, uye ma fiber optic slip rings abuda. Inoshandisa optical signal transmission kutsiva transmission yemagetsi yechinyakare, inodzivirira kupindira kwe electromagnetic, uye inovandudza zvakanyanya huwandu hwekutumira uye kugona. Inosimudzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakadai se 5G base station antenna rotation connection, high-definition video surveillance pan-tilt, uye aerospace optical remote sensing equipment ine zvinodiwa zvakasimba pamhando yesignal uye kumhanya kwekutumira, uye inotarisirwa kuunza nguva yekutaurirana kwe optical ye conductive slip ring technology. Kune rumwe rutivi, kudiwa kwe high-speed uye high-frequency slip rings kuri kukura. Muminda yekugadzira yepamusoro senge semiconductor manufacturing uye electronic precision testing, kumhanya kwemidziyo kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera, uye kudiwa kwe high-frequency signal transmission kuri kukurumidzirwa. Kutsvagurudza nekugadzira ma "slip rings" anochinjika ku "high-speed" uye "high-frequency signal stable transmission" kwave chinhu chakakosha. Nekugadzirisa zvinhu zve "brush" ne "slip ring" uye kuvandudza dhizaini ye "contact structure", "contact resistance", "wear" uye "signal attenuation" pasi pekutenderera kwepamusoro-soro zvinogona kuderedzwa kuti zvisangane ne "high-frequency signal transmission" yeGHz uye kuve nechokwadi chekushanda zvakanaka kwemidziyo. Pamusoro pezvo, ma "slip rings" madiki zvakare inzira yakakosha yekuvandudza. Nekukura kwemaindasitiri akadai seInternet of Things, zvishandiso zvinopfekwa, uye michina midiki yekurapa, kudiwa kwema "conductive slip rings" ane saizi diki, simba shoma rinoshandiswa, uye multi-functional integration kwakawedzera. Kuburikidza netekinoroji yekugadzira micro-nano uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvitsva, saizi ye "slip ring" inoderedzwa kusvika pa millimeter kana kunyange micron level, uye mabasa ekupa simba, data, uye control signal transmission akabatanidzwa kuti ape rutsigiro rwesimba guru uye rutsigiro rwekubatana kwezviratidzo zve "micro-intelligent devices", kukurudzira maindasitiri akasiyana-siyana kuti aende ku "miniaturization" uye "intelligence", uye kuramba achiwedzera miganhu yekushandisa ye "conductive slip rings".
V. Zvinhu zvinokosha zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo
5.1 Sarudzo yezvinhu
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvemhete dzinofambisa mhepo dzinofambisa mhepo kwakakosha uye kwakabatana zvakananga nekushanda kwadzo, hupenyu hwadzo, uye kuvimbika kwadzo. Zvinoda kutariswa zvizere zvichibva pazvinhu zvakawanda zvakaita sekushandiswa uye zvinodiwa pari zvino. Panyaya yezvinhu zvinofambisa mhepo, mhete dzinofambisa mhepo dzinowanzo shandisa zvinhu zvesimbi zvinokosha zvakaita semhangura, sirivha, negoridhe, kana zvinhu zvemhangura zvakagadziriswa. Semuenzaniso, mumidziyo yemagetsi nemidziyo yekurapa ine magadzirirwo akanyanya uye zvinodiwa zvishoma zvekuramba, mhete dzinofambisa mhepo dzinopinza mhepo dzinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti zviratidzo zvemagetsi hazvina simba zvinotumirwa zvakanaka uye kuderedza kuderera kwezviratidzo nekuda kwekusagona kwadzo kufambisa mhepo zvakanaka uye kuramba ngura. Kune mota dzemaindasitiri nemidziyo yemagetsi ine simba guru rekutenderera, mhete dzinofambisa mhepo dzinopinza mhepo dzine hunyoro hwakanyanya hadzigone kungosangana nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi chete, asiwo dzine mitengo inodzorwa. Zvinhu zvemabhurashi zvinonyanya kushandisa zvinhu zvegraphite uye mabhurashi esimbi anokosha. Mabhurashi eGraphite ane mafuta akanaka ekuzvizora, izvo zvinogona kuderedza friction coefficient uye kuderedza kupera. Akakodzera michina ine kumhanya kwakaderera uye kunzwa kwakanyanya kurasikirwa nemabhurashi. Mabhurashi esimbi anokosha (akadai sepalladium negoridhe alloy brushes) ane simba guru rekupinza mhepo uye kuramba kwakaderera kwekusangana. Zvinowanzo shandiswa muzviitiko zvinomhanya zvakanyanya, zvakarurama uye zvinoda masaini, zvakaita sekufamba-famba kwezvikamu zvemidziyo yemuchadenga uye nzira dzekutumira wafer dzemidziyo yekugadzira semiconductor. Zvinhu zvinodzivirira hazvifanirwe kuregeredzwawo. Zvakajairika zvinosanganisira polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) uye epoxy resin. PTFE ine simba rakanaka rekudzivirira kupisa, kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya, uye kugadzikana kwakasimba kwemakemikari. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumitsetse yekufambisa inotenderera yemichina inotenderera yemakemikari inosanganisa reactor uye michina yekutsvaga yakadzika mumhepo inopisa uye yakasimba acid uye alkali environments kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti insulation yakavimbika pakati penzira yega yega inofambisa, kudzivirira kukundikana kwecircuit pfupi, uye kuona kuti michina inoshanda zvakanaka.
5.2 Kugadzirisa uye kutsiva mabhurashi anofambisa mhepo
Sechikamu chakakosha cheringi inopinza mhepo, kugadzirisa nguva dzose uye kutsiva bhurashi rinopinza mhepo nenguva kwakakosha zvikuru kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti michina inoshanda zvakanaka. Sezvo bhurashi richizopera zvishoma nezvishoma uye richiburitsa guruva panguva yekusangana neringi inopinza mhepo, kuramba kwekubata kuchawedzera, zvichikanganisa mashandiro ekutumira magetsi, uye zvichikonzera sparks, signal disruption nezvimwe zvinetso, saka nzira yekugadzirisa inofanira kugadzwa nguva dzose. Kazhinji, zvichienderana nekusimba kwekushanda kwemidziyo nenzvimbo yekushanda, kutenderera kwekugadzirisa kunotangira pamavhiki akati wandei kusvika kumwedzi yakati wandei. Semuenzaniso, ma conductive slip rings mumichina yekuchera nemidziyo yekugadzira simbi ine kusvibiswa kukuru kweguruva angangoda kuongororwa nekuchengetwa vhiki rega rega; nepo ma slip rings emidziyo yekushanda otomatiki yehofisi ine nharaunda yemukati uye kushanda kwakasimba kunogona kuwedzerwa kusvika kumwedzi yakati wandei. Munguva yekugadzirisa, michina inofanira kutanga yadzimwa, slip ring current inofanira kuchekwa, uye maturusi ekuchenesa akakosha nema reagents anofanira kushandiswa kubvisa guruva nemafuta zvinyoro nyoro kubva pabhurashi neringi inopinza mhepo kudzivirira kukuvadza nzvimbo yekubata mhepo; panguva imwe chete, tarisa kumanikidzwa kwe elastic kwebhurashi kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti inowirirana zvakanaka neringi inopinza mhepo. Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kunogona kuwedzera kupfekwa, uye kudzvanywa kushoma kunogona kukonzera kusabatana zvakanaka. Kana bhurashi rakapfekwa kusvika pachikamu chimwe muzvitatu kusvika hafu yehurefu hwaro hwepakutanga, rinofanira kutsiviwa. Pakutsiva bhurashi, iva nechokwadi chekushandisa zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa pakutanga, mamodheru, nezvinhu kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti kubata kwacho kunoshanda zvakanaka. Mushure mekuiswa, kuramba kubata kwacho uye kugadzikana kwekushanda kwacho kunofanirwa kuongororwa zvakare kudzivirira kutadza kwemidziyo uye kudzimwa kwayo nekuda kwematambudziko emabhurashi, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti kugadzirwa kwayo uye mashandiro acho zvakanaka.
5.3 Bvunzo yekuvimbika
Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti ring inopinza mhepo inoshanda zvakadzikama uye zvakavimbika mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara uye akakosha ekushandisa, kuyedza kwakasimba kwekuvimbika kwakakosha. Kuyedza kwekudzivirira ipurojekiti yekutanga yekuedza. Kuburikidza nemidziyo yekuyera yakasimba, kuramba kwenzira yega yega yering inotsvedza kunoyerwa pasi pemamiriro akasiyana ekushanda ekutenderera kwakagadzika uye kwakasimba. Kukosha kwekudzivirira kunodiwa kuti kugadzikane uye kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira, nekushanduka kudiki. Semuenzaniso, muring dzinotsvedza dzinoshandiswa mumidziyo yekuongorora yemagetsi, shanduko dzakawanda mukurasika kwekubatana dzichakonzera kuwedzera kwezvikanganiso zvedata rekuyedza, zvichikanganisa kudzora kwemhando yechigadzirwa. Kuyedza kwemagetsi anomira kunotevedzera kuvhunduka kwemagetsi kwakakwira uko michina inogona kusangana nako panguva yekushanda. Voltage yekuedza kakawanda iyo voltage yakayerwa inoiswa kune ring inotsvedza kwenguva yakati kuti iedze kana chinhu chinodziisa uye gap rekudzivirira zvinogona kumira zvakanaka, kudzivirira kuputsika kwekudzivirira uye kukundikana kwecircuit pfupi kunokonzerwa ne overvoltage mukushandiswa chaiko, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwevashandi nemidziyo. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru mukuyedza ring dzinofambisa mhepo dzinotsigira masisitimu emagetsi nemidziyo yemagetsi ine voltage yakawanda. Munyaya yezvemuchadenga, ma "conductive slip rings" ema "satellite" ne "spacecraft" anofanirwa kuedzwa zvakadzama pasi pemamiriro ekunze anodziya zvakanyanya, "vacuum", uye "radiation" munzvimbo dzakaoma dzemuchadenga kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti anoshanda zvakanaka munzvimbo dzakaoma dzemuchadenga uye "signal" ne "power transmission" zvinobudirira; ma "slip rings" e "otomatiki production lines" mumaindasitiri ekugadzira epamusoro anofanirwa kuedzwa kwenguva refu, zvine simba guru, zvichitevedzera makumi ezviuru kana kunyange mazana ezviuru zvekutenderera kuti vaone kuti haaparadzi uye kuti akasimba sei, zvichiisa hwaro hwakasimba hwekugadzirwa kukuru, kusina kukanganiswa. Chero njodzi dzisiri dzekuvimbika dzinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwekugadzirwa uye njodzi dzekuchengetedza. Kuedzwa kwakasimba ndiyo nzira huru yekudzivirira kuti pave nechokwadi chemhando yepamusoro.
VI. Mhedziso neMaonero
Sechinhu chakakosha muhurongwa hwemazuva ano hwemagetsi, ma "conductive slip rings" anoita basa rakakosha mumabasa akawanda akadai se "industrial automation", simba, kuchengetedzeka kwakangwara, uye michina yekurapa. Nekugadzirwa kwayo kwakasiyana uye mabhenefiti akanaka ekushanda, yakakunda muganho wesimba uye kutumira masaini emidziyo inotenderera, yave nechokwadi chekushanda kwakasimba kwehurongwa hwakasiyana-siyana hwakaoma, uye yakasimudzira kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri muindasitiri.
Kubva pamusika, musika wepasi rose wekutengesa zvinhu zvinotengesa zvinhu wakaramba uchikura, dunhu reAsia-Pacific richiva iro riri simba guru rekukura. China yakawedzera simba guru mukukura kweindasitiri iyi nehukuru hwayo hwekugadzira zvinhu uye kukura kwemaindasitiri ari kubuda. Pasinei nemakwikwi akasimba, makambani emuno neekunze akaratidza hunyanzvi hwavo muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvemusika, asi zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-soro zvichiri kutungamirwa nemakambani makuru epasi rose. Makambani emuno ari kufambira mberi mukufambira mberi kuenda kubudiriro yepamusoro-soro uye zvishoma nezvishoma anoderedza musiyano.
Tichitarisa ramangwana, nekuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchiitwa kwesainzi netekinoroji, tekinoroji yekufambisa zvinhu zvinofambisa zvinhu zvinofambisa zvinhu ichaunza nyika yakakura. Kune rumwe rutivi, matekinoroji epamusoro akadai sema "optical fiber slip rings", ma "high-speed" uye ma "high-frequency slip rings", uye ma "miniaturized slip rings" achapenya, achizadzisa zvinodiwa zvekumhanya kwakanyanya, bandwidth yepamusoro, uye miniaturization muminda iri kubuda senge 5G communications, semiconductor manufacturing, uye Internet of Things, uye kuwedzera miganhu yekushandisa; kune rumwe rutivi, kubatanidzwa kwe "cross-domain" uye "innovation" kuchava tsika, yakabatana zvakanyanya ne "artificial intelligence", big data, uye tekinoroji yezvinhu zvitsva, zvichibereka zvigadzirwa zvine hungwaru, zvinochinjika, uye zvinochinjika kunzvimbo dzakanyanya, zvichipa rutsigiro rwakakosha rwekutsvaga zvinhu zvitsva zvakaita se "aerospace", "deep-sea exploration", uye "quantum computing", uye zvichiramba zvichipa simba kuindasitiri yesainzi netekinoroji yepasi rose, zvichibatsira vanhu kuenda kunguva yepamusoro yetekinoroji.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-08-2025